You can use the CFQUERYPARAM tag to check data types of query parameters and perform data validation.
<!--------------------------------------------------------------------
This example shows the use of CFQUERYPARAM when valid input is given in
Dept_ID.
----------------------------------------------------------------------->
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>CFQUERYPARAM Example</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H3>CFQUERYPARAM Example</H3>
<CFSET Course_ID=12>
<CFQUERY NAME="getFirst" DataSource="CompanyInfo">
SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE Dept_ID=<CFQUERYPARAM VALUE="#Dept_ID#"
CFSQLTYPE="CF_SQL_INTEGER">
</CFQUERY>
<CFOUTPUT QUERY="getFirst">
<p>Department Number: #number#<br>
Description: #descript#
</P>
</CFOUTPUT>
</BODY>
</HTML>